{"id":5587,"date":"2015-02-18T07:53:00","date_gmt":"2015-02-18T07:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/2015\/02\/tackling-corruption-police-watch-india\/"},"modified":"2019-10-12T13:04:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-12T07:34:35","slug":"tackling-corruption-police-watch-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/tackling-corruption-police-watch-india\/","title":{"rendered":"TACKLING CORRUPTION — \u201cPOLICE WATCH INDIA\u201d VIEW POINT"},"content":{"rendered":"
\nRajendra Dhar<\/i><\/b>
\nPOLICE WATCH INDIA (Regd. NGO).<\/b><\/p>\n

WHAT CAUSES CORRUPTION?<\/p>\n

Most studies of corruption focus on institutional factors:<\/p>\n

Need for stronger and more effective institutions.
\nLack of democracy
\nIneffective judiciary<\/b>
\nUnfair elections
\nLack of free media
\nDemocratic institutions are not the source of clean government, but democratic practices contribute strongly to honest government.
\nElections can be sources of corruption.
\nMedia may be captured or may be ineffective.
\nThe simple adoption of democratic institutions has not led to less corruption.<\/p>\n

The Inequality Trap<\/b>
\nFrom The Bulging Pocket and the Improper Rule of Law emanates Corruption, Inequality, and Mistrust.
\nThe dilemma of low trust in outsiders and high trust only in your own group.
\nInequality and in-group trust lead to clientelism.
\nThis pattern is difficult to break.<\/p>\n

Two types of inequality:
\nEconomic inequality.<\/p>\n

\n<\/a><\/div>\n

        Sign the petition <\/b> to show your SINCERITY to the WORLD…<\/b>
\n
<\/b>
\nUnfair legal system<\/b>
\nThe only institutional factor that matters for corruption is the fairness of the legal system, not the “efficiency” of the legal system. It has been keenly observed as well is a matter of record that \u201cTRIAL COURT JUDGES\/JUDICIAL OFFICERS\u201d avoid\/evade passing orders in matters which have been presented before them as well as argued in totality instead they simply make notings purposely i.e. \u201cpart arguments heard & Put up for next date & This goes on date after date \u201c HOW UNFAIR & UNETHICAL. THIS ATTITUDE OF THE\u201cTRIAL COURT JUDGES\/JUDICIAL OFFICERS\u201d NEEDS TO BE CHECKED BY THE HIGHER UPS IMMEDIATELY.<\/p>\n

Making it more difficult for the poor to have access to the legal system. People in the informal sector have no legal rights.
\nShielding people at the top.
\nThe elite can evade taxes and bribe officials and not be prosecuted.
\nIf they are indicted, they may not be tried.
\nIf they are tried, they will not be convicted.
\nIf convicted, they won’t go to jail.<\/p>\n

The inequality trap persists because:<\/b>
\nCorruption is “sticky.”
\nInequality is “sticky.”
\nTrust is “sticky” over time and across generations.<\/p>\n

Institutions do not change often, but more often than corruption, inequality, and trust.<\/p>\n

The wave of democratization in the 1980s did NOT lead to less corruption.
\nCorruption actually increased in many transition countries after the fall of Communism and the adoption of
\ndemocracy.<\/p>\n

Democracy means two things:<\/b>
\nDemocratic institutions
\nDemocratic practice: taking people people\u2019s preferences and values into account when making public policy, addressing people people\u2019s needs, formulating public policy according to those preferences and needs.
\nDemocratic practice also means treating people as equals.<\/p>\n

Research shows that democratic institutions are not sufficient to curb corruption.<\/p>\n

Media consumption, centralization, federalism, the nature of the electoral system, the level of wages paid to officials also don’t matter.
\nChange in democratization over time is unrelated to change in corruption.<\/p>\n

Democratic Practice<\/b>
\nStructural reforms may not matter much for corruption.
\nHowever: Democratic countries are far less corrupt than non non-democracies.
\nCountries with strong democratic practices, especially treating everyone equally, are considerably less likely to be corrupt.<\/p>\n

High inequality leads to low out out-group trust, which in turn leads to high levels of corruption.<\/p>\n

The only institutional factor that matters for corruption is the fairness of the legal system, not the “efficiency” of the legal system.
\nPolicy also matters: Strangling regulation leads to higher levels of corruption.<\/p>\n

How People Perceive Corruption<\/b>
\nLook at public attitudes toward corruption in transition countries.
\nIn transition countries, people see a clear link between corruption and inequality, both economic and legal.
\nWhat bothers people is not petty corruption, but grand corruption.<\/p>\n

The Great Exceptions<\/b>
\nSingapore and Hong Kong are exceptions.
\nSingapore and Hong Kong rose to the top of the “honesty” scale even though they were not democracies.
\nBoth these countries had vigorous anti-corruption commissions.
\nSingapore, Hong Kong had anti anti-corruption drives connected to programs of mass persuasion and
\nspecial economic programs designed to promote fast growth and less inequality.<\/p>\n

IS THERE A SOLUTION?<\/b>
\nTo combat corruption, you must fight economic inequality & strive for people’s freedom from want.
\nThe best way to reduce inequality is through universal rather than means-tested social welfare programs.
\nIt is often difficult to gain public support because of high levels of inequality.
\nThese difficulties are among the reasons why unequal countries remain corrupt, why inequality often forms a “trap.”<\/p>\n

Without changing the mindset of the people at large by means of mass persuasion there is little hope for curbing corruption.<\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rajendra Dhar POLICE WATCH INDIA (Regd. NGO). WHAT CAUSES CORRUPTION? Most studies of corruption focus on institutional factors: Need for stronger and more effective institutions. Lack of democracy Ineffective judiciary Unfair elections Lack of free media Democratic institutions are not the source of clean government, but democratic practices contribute strongly to honest government. Elections can be sources of corruption. Media may be captured or may be ineffective. The simple adoption of democratic institutions has not led to less corruption. The Inequality Trap From The Bulging Pocket and the Improper Rule of Law emanates Corruption, Inequality, and Mistrust. The dilemma of <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,1],"tags":[65,1879,67],"class_list":["post-5587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-update","tag-member-article","tag-update","tag-views","has_thumb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5587"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59395,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5587\/revisions\/59395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwarkaparichay.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}